Older fathers more likely to have autistic children
Fathers over the age of 40 are more likely to have autistic children compared to men who are younger than 30, a new study suggests.
Autism is a behavioural disorder that onsets by age three and has three traditional markers:
- Difficulty interacting socially.
- Problems communicating, by talking and non-verbally.
- Repetitive behaviours, or narrow, obsessive interests.
Older parental age is linked to abnormalities in the brain development of children, but few studies have looked at the effect of parents’ age on autism and related conditions, collectively called autism spectrum disorder.
Abraham Reichenberg of Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York and his colleagues looked at the link for children born during the 1980s in Israel.
The subjects had medical checks at age 17 as part of their assessment by Israel’s military draft board. Among the 318,506 people where information was available on the age of both parents, 218 had a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder — a rate of 6.5 per 10,000.
The odds of autism spectrum disorder were nearly six times greater among children of men age 40 and older compared with those of men 29 years and younger, the researchers report in the September issue of the Archives of General Psychiatry.
The statistical link held after controlling for year of birth, socio-economic status, and the mother’s age. Two earlier studies of the same type showed similar results.
The mother’s age was not associated with autism after factoring out the father’s age, based on a smaller sub-set of data.
As for why, spontaneous mutations in sperm-producing cells or effects on sex-related gene expression may explain the paternal age effect, the researchers propose.
“Although further work is necessary to confirm this interpretation, we believe that our study provides the first convincing evidence that advanced paternal age is a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder,” the study’s authors conclude.
Since a father’s age is influenced by the socio-cultural environment, these factors could lead to changes in paternal age at birth.
In theory, it could lead to a change in the incidence of genetic causes of autism, the researchers said.